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EU Emissions Trading System 2

Powering Europe's Climate Goals

The EU Emissions Trading System 2 (ETS2) is an essential policy instrument to guarantee a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions emitted by buildings, transportation, and small industries.

Expanding on the existing EU ETS, the revised EU ETS will include, among other things, more extensive industrial facilities, and power plants; it will drive investment toward clean energy technologies and foster efforts to attain the European Union’s climate goals.

Capitalize on Your Commitment to Sustainability

Aither ensures a smooth and compliant transition to ETS2 by being ahead of the curve on market trends and fluctuations, providing real-time data and expert analysis to make informed trading decisions. Our experts help you confidently navigate the complexities of ETS2 and unlock new opportunities in a carbon-conscious market.

Key Characteristics of EU ETS 2 Allowances

1

Distinct and Separate

These are new allowances, entirely separate and not interchangeable with EU Allowances (EUAs) from ETS 1.

2

Allowance Distribution

Allowances for ETS2 will be tradable on exchanges such as ICE, with futures contracts already available since May of this year, establishing a carbon cost for covered entities.

3

Capped and Tradable System

The total supply of allowances is limited by a declining annual cap. From 2027, these allowances will be freely tradable on the market, enabling hedging and price discovery.

4

High Price Uncertainty

While price stability mechanisms are in place, future costs are highly uncertain. Forecasts for 2030 range widely from €50 to €340 per tonne of .


ETS2 will impact to a wide range of entities

Fuel suppliers

Building owners

Transportation Companies

Small Industrial Facilities

Timeline Guide to ETS2

30 June 2024
EU Member States were required to transpose the revised ETS Directive into their national legal frameworks.
1 January 2025
Regulated entities must officially start monitoring and recording their greenhouse gas emissions for the 2024 calendar year.
30 April 2025
The first report, covering 2024 emissions, must be submitted by the regulated entities. This establishes a baseline but does not yet require allowances to be surrendered.
2026
The fund becomes operational, financed by early auctioning of some ETS 2 allowances, to support vulnerable households and businesses before the system's full launch.
1 January 2027
The first compliance period begins. From this date, emissions from the covered fuels will incur a carbon cost, and businesses must hold allowances to cover them.
30 June 2027
The Commission will publish the total quantity of allowances (the cap) for the year 2028.
31 May 2028
This is the critical first deadline for companies to surrender the required number of allowances to cover their verified emissions from the 2027 calendar year. To ensure market liquidity, auction volumes will be frontloaded ahead of this date.
1 June 2028
The first publication of the Total Number of Allowances in Circulation (TNAC) will occur, providing the data basis for the Market Stability Reserve (MSR) to begin operating in the ETS 2.
2030
The key milestone year to assess progress towards the ETS 2 sector's goal of a 43% emissions reduction compared to 2005 levels.
31 October 2031
The Commission will report to the European Parliament and Council on the functioning of the ETS 2, including an assessment of a potential merger with the original ETS 1.

Have a question on ETS2?

Start with our customized ETS2 FAQ

What separates ETS2 from the original EU ETS?

The present EU ETS applies to electricity generation, heavy industry, and aviation. On the other hand, ETS2 will address a different aspect of emissions that result from buildings, road transport, and smaller industrial emitters. Both systems operate under cap-and-trade arrangements; however, under ETS2 it will be fuel suppliers rather than final consumers who will need to monitor their own emissions and purchase allowances accordingly.

How does ETS2 work?

It follows the principles known as “cap and trade.” A specific amount of emission allowances is set which are reduced year after year. It has been determined that direct monitoring and reporting of fuel suppliers should replace final consumers’ responsibilities for their emissions. Fuel suppliers must buy allowances for their emissions through auctions.

What is the aim of ETS2?

In general terms, its key goal is to enhance Europe’s aspirations to tackle climate change by ensuring it realizes 55% reduction in GHG emissions this decade. Additionally, it seeks to outline how proceeds from its coffers would be channeled into support for vulnerable families plus investments in clean energy technologies.

Does ETS2 provide any financial assistance?

Yes, some revenues derived from allowance sales will go towards a Social Climate Fund (SCF). The fund will finance efforts aimed at supporting decarbonization initiatives in the sectors covered by ETS2.

When will ETS2 start?

The timeline is divided into two phases:

Monitoring and reporting: Starts in 2025. This means entities covered by ETS2 will track and report their emissions.

Full operation: Begins in 2027. This is when the allowance trading system will be fully functional.

Is ETS2 likely to be expanded in the future?

The success of ETS2 could pave the way for its expansion to other sectors not currently covered. The effectiveness of the system will be closely monitored and reviewed to determine if further action is needed.

What happens if a party subject to ETS2 fails to comply?

Non-compliance with ETS2 has varied consequences, and the degree of consequences will be under the nature and scope of the transgression. Here is a closer look at possible repercussions:

  • Financial Penalties: The fines are what one can pay for non-compliance. In all likelihood, the exact amount would probably be set according to the seriousness of the offense, the amount of excess emissions, and any record of non-compliance.
  • Withdrawal of Allowances: Governments can withdraw or cancel emission allowances from parties partially or wholly, which may result in them purchasing allowances at prices set by the market to fulfill their emission requirements.
  • Exclusion from Trading: In the worst instances, a party could be excluded from the ETS2 allowance market entirely. This would clearly disrupt their business and the ability to operate in the system. For example, fuel suppliers would no longer buy allowances, and industries would not have the ability to sell extra permits.
  • Reputational Damage: Non-compliance can damage a party’s reputation and make them less attractive to partners or customers who are increasingly concerned about environmental responsibility.

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